surprising formulation is used, “You have been delivered to the type of doctrine”; the essence of that “type” is Christ himself, according to Eph 4:20. b) Similarly the phrase, lit. “to hear him” (in our translation of 4:20, “you have listened to him”) implies more than mere “hearing of him” or “hearing about him.” Paul cannot have called the Ephesians (who during Jesus’ lifetime lived neither in Galilee nor in Jerusalem nor anywhere near the sites of Jesus’ earthly ministry) eye and ear witnesses